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Glossary of Terms
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A
See: Bioabsorbable.
The portion of an implant or implant component that serves to support and/or retain a prosthesis. It may consist of one or more components.
Forceps used to assist in the positioning of an abutment on the implant platform. Procedure of securing an abutment to an implant.The impression of an abutment either directly using conventional impression techniques, or indirectly using an abutment impression coping. See: Implant Level Impression.
Screw that secures the abutment to the implant, usually torqued to a final seating position.
A step in the prosthodontic treatment whereby a decision is made regarding the type of abutment to be used for the restoration based on implant angulation, interarch space, soft tissue (mucosal) height, planned prosthesis, occlusal factors (e.g., opposing dentition, parafunction), esthetic and phonetic considerations.
See: Platform Switching.
See: Orientation Jig.
The channel in a screw-retained implant prosthesis giving access to the abutment or prosthetic screw, usually through the occlusal or lingual surface of the prosthesis.Occasional opening of the maxillary sinus either into the infundibulum or directly in the wall of the middle meatus. See: Ostium (Maxillary Sinus).
Lacking in cells.Treatment of a surface by acid in order to increase its surface area by subtraction. See: Subtracted Surface.
Syn: Additive Surface Treatment. Alteration of an implant surface by addition of material. See: Subtracted surface, Textured surface.
See: Added Surface.
General term for an implant affected by peri-implant mucositis, without bone loss. For some authors, an ailing implant is an implant with a history of bone loss that is not progressing. Sugg: Peri-implant mucositis, Peri-implantitis.
See: Allograft.
Graft tissue from genetically dissimilar members of the same species. Three types exist: frozen, freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA), and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA). Allograft bone is processed and prepared from tissue banks. See: Homograft.
Syn: Alloplastic graft.
Synthetic, in-organic material used as a bone substitute or as an implant (See: Implant).
See: Alloplast.
A metallic oxide.
1. ALPHA SINGLE CRYSTAL: An inert, highly biocompatible, strong ceramic material from which some end-osseous implants are fabricated.
2. POLYCRYSTAL: Constituent of dental porcelain used to increase viscosity and strength.
See: Augmentation.
See: Bone.
The most coronal portion of the alveolar process. A deficiency in the contour of the alveolar ridge. The deficiency can be in the vertical (apicocoronal) and/or horizontal (bucco-lingual, mesiodistal) direction.Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis:
See: Distraction Osteogenesis.
Syn: Lining mucosa. The lining mucosa that covers the alveolar process apical to the mucogingival junction. It consists of a nonkeratinized epithelium lining a connective tissue that is loosely attached to the periosteum and is movable. See: Oral Mucosa.
The compact and cancellous portion of bone surrounding and supporting the teeth. See: Alveolar Ridge, Residual Ridge, Ridge.
A cavity formed in the maxillary sinus floor formed by a septum. See: Septum (Maxillary Sinus).
The bony ridge of the maxilla or mandible that contains the alveoli. See: Residual Ridge, Ridge.
See: Augmentation.
See: Ridge Resorption.
Apical (retrograde) Peri-implantitis
Objectional, See: Implant Periapical Lesion.
Prevention from contact with microorganisms.
Term used to describe a nonpathologic implant left submerged.Characterized by atrophy.
Decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissue, or part. See: Disuse Atrophy, Ridge atrophy.
Part of the gingiva extending from the base of the sulcus to the mucogingival junction around teeth. It is "attached" to bone by the periosteum; to cementum by the gingival fibers; to cementum, enamel, or dentin by the epithelial attachment.
Mechanical device used for the retention and stability of a dental prosthesis. It may consist of one or more parts, made of metal, plastic, or other materials.
Placement of a graft or any procedure that corrects a soft or hard tissue deficiency. See: Bone Augmentation.
Bone harvested from one site and transplanted to another site in the same individual.
Syn: Autograft, Autologous Graft. Tissue taken from one site and transplanted to another site in the same individual.
See: Autogenous Graft.
See: Autogenous Graft.
See: Autogenous Graft.
Portion of an edentulous ridge that can be used for the insertion of an endosseous implant. Lacking blood vessels. Cell death that occurs as a result of loss of blood supply.Refers to any force applied in the direction of the long axis of an implant. See: Nonaxial Loading.
B
Syn: Connecting Bar. A connector between two or more implants or teeth. It is used to provide retention, stability, and/or support to a prosthesis.
Removable partial or complete denture, which may be implant-supported or implant-tissue-supported. Implants in this type of reconstruction are connected together with a bar incorporating attachment mechanisms for retention and/or support of the prosthesis.Finely ground radiopaque powder used in the construction of a radiographic template.
Syn: Occlusive Membrane. Device which helps confine a grafted area. It prevents movement of grafting material and/or controls the growth of undesirable cells into a site with or without a graft material.
See: Bone.
Basic Multicellular Unit (BMU)
Functional unit consisting of cellular elements responsible for bone formation and resorption (i.e., remodeling).
Stress caused by a load that tends to bend an object. See: Stress.
Acronym: Bone-to-implant contact.
The engagement of an implant with the crestal cortical bone of the edentulous ridge and the cortical bone of the base of the mandible or the floor of the maxillary sinus or floor of the nasal cavity. It may also apply to the engagement of the facial and lingual cortices or any two cortices by an implant.
See: Cross-arch stabilization.
Syn: Absorbable.
Property of a material that degrades and dissolves in vivo. Its breakdown products are incorporated into normal physiologic and biochemical processes (e.g., bio-absorbable membranes or sutures).
Having an effect on, or eliciting a response from, living tissue. See: Bioinert.
Stabilization involving direct physical and/or chemical attachment mechanism(s) between biological materials and an implant surface at the ultra-structural level.
Absorbable alloplastic material composed of metal oxides: SiO2 Na2O, and P2O5. It has the ability to form a chemical bond with living tissues thereby helping stabilize a filled defect site and maintaining a rigid scaffold upon which cells can migrate and grow.
Ability of a material to function without a negative host response (immune response or inflammation) in a specific application. In general, biocompatibility is measured on the basis of allergenicity, carcinogenicity, localized cytotoxicity, and systemic responses.
Property of a material that breaks down when placed in a biologic environment. See: Bioabsorbable.
Property of a material that elicits no host response. See: Bioactive.
Graft consisting of a monocortica1 piece of autogenous bone (e.g., chin or ramus), or a piece of bone replacement graft, usually stabilized in the recipient site with screws.Acronym: Bone Morphogenetic Protein.
Acronym: Basic Multicellular Unit.The hard portion of the connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton. It consists of an inorganic component (67%) (minerals such as calcium phosphate) and an organic component (33%) (collagenous matrix and cells).
1. ALVEOLAR BONE: Bony portion of the mandible or maxilla in which the roots of the teeth are held by periodontal ligament fibers. Alveolar bone is formed during tooth development and eruption.
2. BASAL BONE: Bone of the mandible or maxilla, excluding the alveolar bone.
3. BUNDLE BONE: Type of alveolar bone, so called because of the continuation into it of the principal (Sharpey's) fibers of the periodontal ligament.
4. CANCELLOUS BONE: Syn: Medullary bone, Spongy bone, Trabecular bone. Bone in which the trabeculae form a three-dimensional latticework with the interstices filled with bone marrow.
5. CORTICAL BONE: Syn: Compact bone. The noncancellous hard and dense portion of bone that consists largely of concentric lamellar osteons and interstitial lamellae.
6. LAMELLAR BONE: The normal type of mature bone, organized in layers (lamellae) that may be concentrically arranged (compact bone) or parallel (cancellous bone).
7. WOVEN BONE: Syn: Nonlamellar bone, Primary bone, Primitive bone, Reactive bone. Immature bone encountered where bone is healing or being regenerated.
Bone atrophy: Decrease in the dimensions of bone due to its resorption.
1. CLINICAL: Tactile assessment of bone quality reflecting the percentage of calcified bone to marrow, determined during osteotomy preparation. Usually classified from D1 ( dense) to D4 (porous). Other classifications exist.
2. HISTOLOGICAL: The "density" is calculated from the percentage of all bone tissue that is constituted by mineralized bone.
3. RADIO-GRAPHIC: An estimate of the total amount of bone tissue (as bone mineral) in the path of one or more x-ray beams, as measured by Hounsfield Units. When in quotes, "density" is as defined in absorptiometry, and does not mean density as used in physics.
Placement of an autogenous graft and/or a bone replacement graft, or any procedure that corrects a hard tissue deficiency.
See: Osteotome.
Surgical shaving or smoothing of the bone surface. One of the substances extracted from bone such as bone morphogenetic proteins.See: Osteotome.
See: Ridge Expansion.
Syn: Osseous Graft.
Autogenous bone used for grafting.
A surgical procedure performed to establish additional bone volume, using autogenous bone and/or a bone replacement graft, prior to or simultaneously with implant placement. See: Bone Graft, Bone Replacement Graft, Bone Substitute.
Physiologic or pathologic bone resorption around an implant. See: Crestal Bone Loss, Early Crestal Bone Loss, Implant Peri-apical Lesion, Peri-implantitis.
Soft spongy tissue found in the center of bone that contains fat and/or hematopoietic tissues.The intercellular substance of bone consisting of osteo-collagenous fibers embedded in an amorphous ground substance and inorganic salts.
A process used to particulate harvested bone into progressively smaller particles.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP):
Protein that mainly occurs in bone and stimulates osteogenesis. It is also capable of inducing growth in nonosseous tissues (See: Osteoinduction). It is produced by osteoblasts and stored in bone.
See: Osteonecrosis.
A qualitative assessment of bone based on its density.
See: Remodeling (Bone).
Any material other than autogenous bone, which is used as a hard tissue graft, in an attempt to stimulate new bone formation in an area where bone formerly existed.
Loss of bone due to osteoclastic activity.See: Ridge Sounding.
See: Osteotome.
Alloplastic material used for bone grafting.See: Tap.
See: Tap.
Device used for harvesting bone chips and osseous coagulum.
See: Trephine.Refers to the direct contact of bone with the implant surface at the light microscope level. See: Percentage Bone-to-implant Contact.
An impression record of the facial aspect of teeth relative to a cast.See: Bone.
See: Mucosal Insert.
C
Acronym: Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing.
See: Coralline.
1. Minerals needed for the mineralization of the new bone in a graft site. The source of those minerals is usually from the surrounding bone and may be also introduced through the blood supply.
2. Class of ceramics with varying calcium-to-phosphorous ratios, which can form a direct bond with bone. It is used as a grafting material. See: Alloplast.
See: Dental Stone, Plaster.
Surgical procedure named after American physician George Caldwell and French laryngologist Henry Luc. Its aim is to relieve chronic sinusitis by improving the drainage of the maxillary sinus through an incision into the canine fossa. It also includes a nasal antrostomy. The tissue that forms between and around fractured bone segments to maintain structural integrity and facilitate bone regeneration.Bone graft harvested from. the domelike superior portion of the cranium, most frequently from the parietal region, generally on the right side (nondominant hemisphere) behind the coronal suture, and approximately 3 cm lateral to the sagittal suture.
See: Bone.
A type of documentation in which diagnosis and treatment of a patient are described.The order of treatment for a patient undergoing dental implant therapy, including time of treatment as it relates to healing and prosthodontic restoration.
Syn: UCLA abutment.
A cast component fabricated through a lost wax technique, from waxing a plastic burnout pattern with or without a prefabricated cylinder. It is used to fabricate a custom abutment for a cement-retained or screw-retained prosthesis.
The use of cement for the retention of a prosthesis to an abutment. See: Screw-retained.
The use of cement for the retention of a prosthesis to an abutment. See: Screw-retained.
Alloplastic material used for bone grafting. It is also used to fabricate abutments and prostheses. See: Alloplast.
See: Implant Neck.
A bone graft harvested from the facial aspect of the symphyseal area of the mandible, between the mental foramina, apical to the roots of the teeth, and usually above the lower border of the mandible. The graft is mostly cortical.
An instrument with a beveled cutting edge used for cutting or cleaving hard tissue.Circumferential Subperiosteal Implant
See: Subperiosteal Implant.
The result of the elastic deformation of a screw after application of torque drawing two components together. See: Preload.
Surgical procedure that takes place in a clinic setting. All instruments, implants, grafts, and irrigation solution used are sterile. Surgeons wear sterile gloves, but operating room level sterility is not achieved. The surgeons and assistants wear non-sterile attire and the patient is not necessarily covered by sterile drapes. See: Sterile Technique.
A retentive element within an overdenture used for fixation to a bar. See: Bar Overdenture.
Syn: Indirect Impression. Impression technique that uses an impression coping with positioning features, around which a rigid elastic impression material is injected. After removal of the impression, the coping is unthreaded from the mouth, connected to a laboratory analog and repositioned into the impression prior to pouring. See: Open Tray Impression.
See: Cover Screw.
1. ABUTMENT: Surface treatment for an abutment to alter its optical transmission characteristics.
2. IMPLANT: A substance applied to all or a portion of the dental implant.
A longitudinal study in which a group, the cohort, is chosen for the presence of a specific characteristic at or during a specified time and followed over time to discover presumably related characteristics.
A molecule characterized by a triple helical structure and a high content of glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. It is a major constituent of connective tissue fibers, the organic matrix of bone, dentin, cementum, and basal laminas. Collagen is synthesized by fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and odontoblasts. Several types are found in the human body. Type I collagen is one of the first products synthesized by the body when bone formation occurs.
Bioabsorbable membrane made from collagen (mainly Type I) with the following properties: well tolerated by surrounding tissues, semi-permeable, hemostatic, and chemotactic.
See: Implant Collar.
See: Hygiene Cap.
Commercially Pure Titanium (CP- Ti)
Biocompatible metal commonly used for dental implants. It is an alloy of approximately 99 wt.% titanium and small amounts (from 0.18 to 0.40 wt.%) of oxygen with trace amounts (less than 0.25 wt.%) of iron, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Commercially pure titanium is classified in multiple grades. The amount of oxygen determines the grade of the alloy. See: Titanium, Titanium Alloy.
See: Bone.
Refers to the interchangeability of prosthetic components of one implant system to another.
Complete Subperiosteal Implant
See: Subperiosteal Implant.
An unfavorable condition, reversible or irreversible. Combination of different grafting materials.Stress caused by a load (two forces applied toward one another in the same straight line) that tends to compress or shorten an object. See: Stress.
Computed Axial Tomography (CAT scan)
See: Computed Tomography.Computed Axial Tomography (CAT scan)
See: Computed Tomography.Tomography used in diagnostic studies of internal bodily structures, in which computer analysis of a series of scans made along a single axis of a bodily structure is used to construct a three-dimensional, panoramic, or cross-sectional image of that structure. Computed tomography uses x-rays to produce a digital description of an image that can be displayed on a computer monitor or on a film.
Computer-aided Design/computer-aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)
Process for direct preparation of an object from computer-acquired or computer-generated data.
Surgical placement of implants using a computer guided system based on information generated from a high resolution computed tomography.Specific size and shape of an implant or component.
See: Bar.
A primary tissue with many different forms and functions, including support, storage, and protection. It is often recognized as distinct from other tissues due to its larger proportion of extracellular matrix.The mechanism of attachment of the connective tissue to the tooth or implant. Around implants, the connective tissue fibers are parallel to the implant surface and constitute the apical part of the biologic width.
See: Distraction Osteogenesis.
See: Distraction Osteogenesis.
The direct migration of bone-building cells through the clot matrix to the implant surface. New bone forms first on the implant surface. See: Distance Osteogenesis.
A fluid used as an irrigating solution to reduce the heat generated during drilling.
A prefabricated or custom component that fits on an implant or abutment.See: Prosthetic Screw.
A form of ceramic from the calcium carbonate skeleton of coral, used as a grafting material. See: Alloplast.
See: Bone.
See: Bone.
To enlarge with a specific drill the coronal part of an osteotomy, to accommodate the implant platform.Drill used to enlarge the coronal part of an osteotomy.
Syn: Closure Screw, Healing Screw.
A cap type screw used to seal the platform of an implant during osseointegration.
Instrument or device used to remove excess bone growth over a cover screw.
Acronym: Commercially pure titanium.Pertaining to the crest or the most coronal portion of the ridge.
Bone resorption of the most coronal aspect of the ridge around the neck of the implant.The placement of an implant with the edge of the platform at the crest of bone.
1. SUBCRESTAL IMPLANT PLACEMENT: The placement of an implant with the edge of the platform apical to the crest of bone.
2. SUPRACRESTAL IMPLANT PLACEMENT: The placement of an implant with the edge of the platform coronal to the crest of bone.
An incision made at the crest of the edentulous ridge. See: Midcrestal Incision, Mucobuccal Fold Incision.
See: Sulcular Epithelium.
Syn: Bilateral stabilization.
Resistance against dislodging or rotational forces obtained by a prosthetic design that uses implants and/or natural teeth on opposite sides of the dental arch that are splinted together.
The ratio of the crown height to the length of the implant surrounded by bone. The "crown height" extends from the most coronal bone-to-implant contact to the most coronal aspect of the prosthetic reconstruction connected to that implant.
Acronym: Computed Tomography, Connective Tissue.
Measure of percentage of implant success over a period of time. See: Success Rate.
Measure of percentage of implant survival over a period of time. See: Survival Rate.
A custom component machined or cast to serve in a unique circumstance where prefabricated components are not acceptable.
An endosseous root-form press-fit implant, with parallel-sided walls.
Device that fits on top of an implant and is used to tighten the implant after placement. It is also be used to place an implant into its osteotomy.
An endosseous, root-form implant, with parallel-sided nonthreaded walls.
D
Acronym: Demineralized Bone Matrix.
The loss of a previously achieved osseointegration due to peri-implantitis and/ or occlusal overload.
Perforation or removal of the cortical bone to induce bleeding and release of bone forming cells from the marrow.1. Incomplete coverage or cleft-like absence of bone at a localized area around a tooth or implant, extending for a variable distance from the crest. See: Fenestration.
2. Premature opening of a primary soft tissue closure.
Refers to the time of applying force on an implant after initial placement. A prosthesis is attached or secured after a conventional healing period. See: Early Loading.
Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM)
A composite of collagenous and noncollagenous proteins and bone growth factors remaining after the extraction of minerals from the bone by a chemical process.Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft (DFDBA)
Collagen (mainly Type I) remaining following the demineralization of freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA).
1. A biocompatible device placed within, or on, bone of the maxilla or mandible, to provide support for a prosthetic reconstruction.
2. ISO definition: "A device designed to be placed surgically within or on the mandibular or maxillary bone to provide resistance to displacement of a dental prosthesis." (ISO 1942-5)
See: Dental Stone.
The alpha-form of calcium sulfate hemihydrate. It is not used as a grafting material. See: Plaster.
An artificial substitute for missing natural teeth and adjacent tissues. This term does not necessarily suggest a removable prosthesis, nor does it imply complete arch coverage. See: Fixed Prosthesis, Removable Prosthesis.
Loss or removal of the surface oxide layer of a metal. See: Passivation.
Graduated instrument with markings designed to measure the vertical extent of an osteotomy.
Tissue graft from a cadaver, which has undergone a process of de-epithelialization and de-cellularization leaving an immunologically inert avascular connective tissue.
The three-dimensional structure of an implant or component, with all the elements and characteristics that compose it: form, shape, configuration, surface macrostructure, and micro-irregularities.
The direction in which the distraction device is positioned, usually relative to the anatomical axis of the bone segments to be distracted.
Acronym: Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft.
Laboratory procedure in which teeth are created in wax according to the planned restoration. It may be used to evaluate the feasibility of a proposed plan and to fabricate a radiographic template, a surgical guide, or laboratory guides.
Device inserted into an osteotomy in order to assess its orientation or position relative to adjacent teeth and anatomic structures. Also used to verify and assist in achieving parallelism in the preparation of multiple osteotomies.
An endosseous implant consisting of a plate, neck, and abutment inserted laterally into the edentulous ridge.
A gradual process of bone healing from the edge of the osteotomy toward the implant. Bone does not grow directly on the implant surface. See: Contact Osteogenesis.
See: Distraction Osteogenesis.
The direction in which the distal bone segment is distracted.An appliance that allows gradual incremental movement of bone segments away from each other.
Syn: Osteodistraction. Formation of new soft tissue and bone between vascular bone surfaces created by an osteotomy and separated by gradual and controlled distraction. It begins with the development of a reparative callus. The callus is placed under tension by stretching, which generates new bone. Distraction osteogenesis consists of three sequential periods:
1. LATENCY PERIOD: The period from bone division (i.e. surgical separation of bone into two segments) to the onset of traction, and represents the time allowed for callus formation.
2. DISTRACTION PERIOD: The time when gradual traction is applied to bone segments and new tissue (regenerate tissue) is formed.
3. CONSOLIDATION PERIOD: Syn: Fixation period. Consolidation and corticalization of the distraction regenerate after traction forces and segment movement are discontinued.
See: Distraction Osteogenesis.
The sequence and duration of events during distraction osteogenesis.
The sequence and duration of events during distraction osteogenesis.
The total amount of distraction performed per day.
The total amount of distraction performed per day.
The total amount of distraction performed per day.
See: Regenerate.
The number of increments per day into which the rate of distraction osteogenesis is divided.
The number of increments per day into which the rate of distraction osteogenesis is divided.
The final direction and magnitude of traction forces during distraction osteogenesis.
See: Regenerate.
See: Distraction Device.
Diminution in dimension and/or density resulting from inactivity.
Acronym: Distraction Osteogenesis.
Area of the body from which a graft is harvested. Examples include skin, mucosa, connective tissue, and bone.
See: Extender.
The use of specific drills in a specific sequential manner to gradually prepare and increase the diameter of an osteotomy for implant placement.
E
Crestal bone loss occurring around an implant during the first year after expo-sure to the oral environment, and attributed in part to the formation of the biologic width.
Syn: Primary Implant Failure.
The failure of a root-form implant due to the failure to establish osseointegration. The implant in this case is mobile. See: Late Implant Failure.
Refers to the time of applying force on an implant after initial placement. A prosthesis is attached to the implant(s), earlier than the conventional healing period. The time of loading should be stated in days/weeks. See: Delayed Loading.
Acronym: Extracellular Matrix.
Electric Discharge Method (EDM)
Syn: Spark Erosion.
A precision metal removal process, using a series of electrical sparks, to erode material from a workpiece in a liquid medium under carefully controlled conditions.
Acronym: Enamel Matrix Derivative.
The part of the axial contour of a tooth or prosthetic crown that extends from the base of the sulcus past the free soft tissue margin. The emergence profile extends to the height of contour, producing a straight or convex profile in the apical third of the axial surface.
Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD)
Sterile protein aggregate from enamel matrix, amelogenin, the precursor of enamel from developing teeth. The proteins are harvested from around developing pig embryo teeth, with special processing procedures.
Syn: Endodontic Pin, Endodontic Stabilizer.
A pin placed into a root canal and extending beyond the apex, into the bone.
See: Endodontic Implant.
See: Endodontic Implant.
Syn: Intraosseous Distractor.
A distraction device placed into the edentulous ridge and/or basal bone of the maxilla or mandible used in distraction osteogenesis.
Syn: Endosteal Implant.
A device placed into the alveolar and/or basal bone of the maxilla or mandible used to support a prosthesis.
See: Endosseous Implant.
Tissue lining the medullary cavity of bone. It is composed of a single layer of osteoprogenitor cells and a small amount of connective tissue.Flap that is elevated from a horizontal linear incision, parallel to the free gingival margin, with no vertical incision. It may be sulcular or submarginal.
The mechanism of attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth or implant, i.e., hemidesmosomes. See: Junctional Epithelium.
See: Mucosal Insert.
Healing by growth of epithelium over connective tissue.Tissue lining the intraoral surfaces, extending into the sulcus and adhering to the implant/tooth.
Device that receives its primary bone support by means of resting upon bone. See: Subperiosteal Implant.
Any dento-alveolar segment visible upon full smile. The relationship of the three components involved in the smile (i.e., gingiva, lips, teeth) determines whether a particular smile is considered high or low.
Use of acids or other agents (etchants) to increase the surface area of an implant or other materials.
The specific characteristics that prevent a participant form entering a clinical trial. See: Inclusion Criteria.
The loss of implanted materials or devices.Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)
A polymer of tetrafluoroethylene, stretched to allow fluid passage but not cells, used as a nonresorbable membrane in guided bone regeneration (GBR) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR). It is used with or without titanium reinforcement to maintain its shape. It is also used as a non-absorbable suture material.
1. IMPLANT: The dehiscence of soft tissue exposing the implant cover screw, neck, body, or threads.
2. BARRIER MEMBRANE: The dehiscence of soft tissue exposing an occlusive membrane during the healing period.
A surgical component used as an intermediary piece between the handpiece or wrench and another component (e.g., drill, implant mount) to increase the reach of the latter part.
A prosthetic connection interface external to the implant platform. The external hexagon is an example. See: Internal Connection.
A hexagonal connection interface of the platform of an implant extending coro-nally. It prevents rotation of attached components. See: Internal Hexagon.
Method of irrigation during the drilling of osteotomies for the placement of implants, whereby the cooling solution is directed at the drilling bur during preparation of the osteotomy. This method delivers the cooling solution at the entrance of the osteotomy. The cooling solution may be delivered through tubing connected to the handpiece and drilling unit, or it may be from a handheld system.Any material produced by cells and excreted into the extracellular space within tissues. It takes the form of both ground substance and fibrous elements, proteins involved in cell adhesion, and glycosaminoglycans, and other space filling molecules. It serves as a scaffolding holding tissues together and its form and composition help determine tissue characteristics.
An alveolus after tooth removal.
See: Ridge Preservation.
Extraoral (External) Distraction Device
A device that is located outside the oral cavity, used in distraction osteogenesis. The bone segments are usually attached to percutaneous pins connected externally to device fixation clamps.
A distraction device placed outside the edentulous ridge and/or basal bone of the maxilla or mandible. It is used in distraction osteogenesis.
Fluids, cells, and cellular debris that have escaped from blood vessels and are deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation.
F
An implant that is mobile (has not achieved, or has lost osseointegration), or that is symptomatic in spite of osseointegration.General term for an implant that is progressively losing its supporting bone anchorage. It may exhibit increased probing depth, purulence, but is still clinically stable. Sugg: Peri-implantitis.
The percentage of failures in a study or clinical trial, of a procedure or device (e.g., implant), which do not meet the success criteria, or fall into the failure criteria, defined in the study protocol. Progressive weakening of a structure by accumulating embrittlement and crack formation/propagation. A structural failure caused by multiple loading episodes when all loads lie below the structure's ultimate strength. Typically, such failures occur after thousands or millions of loading episodes.Structural failure caused by repetitive stresses, which cause a slowly propagating crack to cross the material.
Acronym: Freeze-dried Bone Allograft.
Acronym: Finite Element Analysis.
Isolated area in which the root or implant surface is denuded of bone, and not involving the crestal bone.
Cell found within the connective tissue that is responsible for the synthesis of collagen fibers and the ground substance of connective tissue.
Composed of or containing fibers.
Layer of fibrous connective tissue between the implant and the surrounding bone.
See: Fibrous Encapsulation.
Software technique used to study stresses and strains on mechanical parts or components. Virtual prototyping software, often a component of CAD software programs, automatically generates the simulated mechanical loads for FEA.
See: Stage-one Surgery.
An abnormal passage or communication, usually between two internal organs or leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body.
1. OROANTRAL FISTULA: An opening between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus.
2. OROFACIAL FISTULA: An opening between the cutaneous surface of the face and the oral cavity.
3. ORONASAL FISTULA: An opening between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity.
See: Distraction Osteogenesis.
Screw used for the stabilization of a block graft or a barrier membrane.See: Tack.
A restoration that is not removable by the patient. The restoration may be partial arch (FPD: Fixed partial denture), or complete arch (FCD: Fixed complete denture). See: Denture, Removable prosthesis.
Prosthesis fixed to an implant or implants, only removable by the dentist. Sugg: Fixed prosthesis. See: Cement-retained, Hybrid prosthesis, Implant-supported Prosthesis, Removable Prosthesis, Screw-retained.
Prosthesis fixed to an implant or implants, only removable by the dentist. Sugg: Fixed Prosthesis.
See: Cement-retained, Hybrid Prosthesis, Implant-supported Prosthesis, Removable Prosthesis, Screw-retained.
Objectionable, See: Root-form Implant.
Objectionable, See: Root-form Implant.
Surgical technique where no soft tissue flaps are raised or a circular piece of tissue is removed for implant placement. Failure caused by growth of a crack. Structure of a prosthetic reconstruction.See: Gingival Graft.
An implant that is not splinted to adjacent teeth or implants.Freeze-dried Bone Allograft (FDBA)
Bone harvested from donor cadavers, washed, immersed in ethanol, frozen in nitrogen, freeze-dried and ground to similar particles ranging from 250 to 750pm. It acts primarily through an osteoconductive process, as inductive proteins, often found in only minute quantities, are only released after the resorption of the mineral.State of retention of an implant at the time of insertion that results from slight compression of the osteotomy walls by the implant body. Also applies to components retained to an implant by friction. See: Press-fit.
Objectional, See: Occlusal Loading.
G
Acronym: Guided Bone Regeneration.
Part of the masticatory mucosa, which covers the alveolar process and surrounds the cervical portion of teeth. It consists of an epithelial layer and an underlying connective tissue layer called lamina propria.
Syn: Free soft tissue autograft. Surgical procedure performed to establish an adequate amount of keratinized soft tissue around a tooth or an implant, or to increase the quantity of soft tissue of an edentulous ridge.
See: Prefabricated Cylinder.
Material or tissue used for implantation or transplantation.A substance, natural or synthetic, used to repair a tissue defect or deficiency.
Delivery to an implant surface of a high velocity stream of abrasive particles propelled by compressed air, designed to increase surface area.
Any highly specific protein that stimulates the division and differentiation of particular types of cells.
See: Radiographic Template, Stereolithographic Guide, Surgical Guide.
Round-shaped drill used to mark the site of an osteotomy by making an initial entry into cortical bone.
1. Device placed within an osteotomy to assist in determining the location and angulation of the site relative to adjacent teeth, implants or other landmarks.
2. Extended occlusal or abutment screws used during prosthesis fabrication in the laboratory.
Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR)
Bone regenerative technique that uses physical means (e.g., membranes) to seal off an anatomic site where bone is to be regenerated. The goal is to direct bone formation and prevent other tissues (e.g., connective tissue) from interfering with osteogenesis.H
Acronym: Hydroxyapatite.
To gather or collect hard or soft tissue for grafting purposes.
Freely anastomosing channels within cortical (dense) bone containing blood and lymph vessels surrounded by concentric lamellae of bone.
Regeneration or repair of injured, lost or surgically treated tissue. It occurs by first (primary) intention or by second (secondary) intention. Syn: Healing collar, Permucosal extension, Second-stage permucosal abutment, Temporary healing cuff. An abutment that connects to the implant and protrudes through the soft tissue.Healing by First (Primary) Intention
Syn: Primary Closure.
Healing of a wound in which the edges are closely re-approximated. Union or restoration of continuity occurs directly with minimal granulation tissue and scar formation.
Healing by Second (Secondary) Intention
Syn: Secondary Closure.
Healing of a wound in which a gap is left between its edges. Union occurs by granulation tissue formation from the base and the sides. This requires a large amount of epithelial migration, collagen deposition, contraction, and remodeling during healing.
See: Hygiene Cap.
See: Healing Abutment.
Syn: Healing Phase.
The time allocated for healing following a surgery, before the next procedure is performed at the same site.
See: Healing Period.
See: Cover Screw.
See: Xenograft.See: Xenograft.
The hexagonal shape of a connection interface.A component or an implant with a hexagonal connection interface.
See: Hybrid Prosthesis.
The quantitative study of the microscopic organization and structure of a tissue (e.g., bone), especially by computer-assisted analysis of images acquired from a microscope.
A root-form implant with an internal channel penetrating the implant body from/at its apical aspect.
Syn: Homogenous graft, Homologous graft. A graft taken from one human subject and transplanted into another. See: AllograftSee: Homograft.
The local or systemic response of the host organism to the implanted material or device.See: Recipient Site.
A unit of x-ray attenuation used for CT scans as a measurement of bone density. Each pixel is assigned a value on a scale on which air is -1000, water 0, and compact bone +1000.HU: Acronym: Hounsfield Unit.
An endosseous, root-form implant, with different surface textures at different levels.
Syn: High-water prosthesis.
A screw-retained, metal-resin, implant-supported, fixed complete denture. The term "hybrid" implies a combination of a metal framework, with a complete denture (prefabricated resin teeth and heat polymerized resin). The term "high-water" refers to the design of this prosthesis using long standard abutments with several millimeters of space between the prosthesis and the mucosa of the edentulous ridge.
General term for calcium hydroxylapatite. Primary inorganic and natural component of bone, also used as an alloplast. Hydroxyapatite is also used to coat some implant surfaces. See: Alloplast.
See: Hydroxyapatite.
Syn: Comfort cap, Healing cap, Sealing screw. Component inserted over a prosthetic abutment. Its function is to prevent debris' and calculus from invading the internal portion of the abutment between prosthetic appointments.Treatment modality where a patient is placed in a pressurized chamber (hyperbaric chamber) that allows for the delivery of oxygen in high concentrations for therapeutic benefits. It is sometimes used prior to implant therapy for patients who underwent radiation therapy in the head and neck areas, to reduce the risks of osteoradionecrosis.
Excessive enlargement of a tissue or structure due to an increase in the number of cells.I
Acronym: Insulin-like Growth Factors.
Superior part of the ilium used as a source of autogenous bone. See: Iliac Graft.
A bone graft harvested from the crest of the iliac bone. The bone can be removed from the anterior iliac crest posteriorly to the anterosuperior iliac spine or the posterior ilium. The graft may be cancellous, cortical, or cortico-cancellous.
Objectionable, See: Immediate Occlusal Loading.
Placement of an implant at the time of tooth extraction, into the extraction socket.See: Immediate Occlusal Loading, Immediate nonocclusalloading.
Immediate Nonfunctional Loading
Objectionable, See: Immediate Nonocclusal Loading.
A clinical protocol for the placement of an implant(s) in a partially edentulous arch, with a fixed or removable restoration not in occlusal contact with the opposing dentition, at the same clinical visit. See: Nonocclusalloading.
A clinical protocol for the placement and application of force on implants, with a fixed or removable restoration in occlusal contact with the opposing dentition, at the same clinical visit.See: Immediate implant placement.
A clinical protocol for the placement of an interim prosthesis with or without occlusal contact with the opposing dentition, at the same clinical visit of implant placement. Sugg: Immediate nonocclusalloading, Immediate occlusal loading.
See: Immediate Provisionalization.
See: Immediate Provisionalization.
An alloplastic material or device that is surgically placed into the oral tissue, for anchorage, functional, therapeutic, and/or esthetic purposes.
Use of an implant as a support for orthodontic tooth movement or arch expansion.
Syn: Implant shaft. Portion of a root-form implant available for bone-to-implant contact.The smooth part just apical to the edge of the platform or the implant-abutment junction. Some root-form implants do not have a collar.
Syn: Oral Implantology. The field of dentistry dealing with the diagnosis, surgical placement, prosthetic reconstruction, and maintenance of dental implants.
For subperiosteal or blade implants, the segment of the implant above the neck, used to connect to the prosthetic reconstruction. Also called abutment.The area of contact between tissues (e.g., bone, connective tissue) and the implant surface.
The area of contact between tissues (e.g., bone, connective tissue) and the implant surface.
The impression of the implant platform using an implant impression coping. See: Abutment Level Impression.
The impression of the implant platform using an implant impression coping. See: Abutment Level Impression.
Device used for the transfer of an implant to the prepared surgical site.Device used for the transfer of an implant to the prepared surgical site.
Syn: Cervix.
1. ROOT-FORM IMPLANT: The most coronal aspect of an implant.
2. SUBPERIOSTEAL OR BLADE IMPLANT: The trans-mucosal segment connecting the implant to the head or abutment.
Radiolucency localized at the apex of a root-form implant. It can be asymptomatic or symptomatic (acute). The symptoms of the acute form may include fistula with purulent exudate and/or pain on palpation.
Any prosthesis (fixed, removable, or maxillofacial) that utilizes dental implants in part or whole for retention, support, and stability.
Any prosthesis (fixed, removable, or maxillofacial) that utilizes dental implants in part or whole for retention, support, and stability.
Portion of implant dentistry that concerns itself with the diagnosis, presurgical planning, construction, and placement of fixed or removable prostheses on any dental implant device.
See: Implant Body.
Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ)
Measure of implant stability (from 1 to 100, 100 being the highest degree of stability) obtained from resonance frequency analysis.Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ)
Measure of implant stability (from 1 to 100, 100 being the highest degree of stability) obtained from resonance frequency analysis.
Status of an implant based on predetermined success criteria. See: Implant Survival.
See: Surface characteristics (implant).
Portion of implant dentistry that concerns itself with the placement and exposure of implant devices.Portion of implant dentistry that concerns itself with the placement and exposure of implant devices.
Longevity of an implant within the oral cavity. See: Implant success.
See: Thread.
See: Trial Fit Gauge.
Syn: Microgap.
The margin where the coronal aspect of the implant and the prosthetic abutment or restoration connect.
Any prosthesis that is completely or partly supported by an implant or implants. Sugg: Implant-supported, Implant-tissue-supported. See: Cement-retained, Fixed Prosthesis, Hybrid prosthesis, Removable prosthesis, Screw-retained.
Any prosthesis that is completely or partly supported by an implant or implants. Sugg: Implant-supported, Implant-tissue-supported. See: Cement-retained, Fixed Prosthesis, Hybrid Prosthesis, Removable Prosthesis, Screw-retained.
Any prosthesis that is completely or partly supported by an implant or implants.
Sugg: Implant-supported, Implant-tissue-supported.
See: Cement-retained, Fixed Prosthesis, Hybrid Prosthesis, Removable Prosthesis, Screw-retained.
Any prosthesis that is completely or partly supported by an implant or implants.
Sugg: Implant-supported, Implant-tissue-supported.
See: Cement-retained, Fixed Prosthesis, Hybrid Prosthesis, Removable Prosthesis, Screw-retained.
A restoration that derives its entire support from dental implants. This type of restoration may be fixed or removable, partial or complete arch. See: Fixed Prosthesis, Removable prosthesis.
A restoration that derives its entire support from dental implants. This type of restoration may be fixed or removable, partial or complete arch. See: Fixed Prosthesis, Removable Prosthesis.
A restoration that derives its support from a combination of intraoral tissues and dental implants. This type of restoration is always removable and may be either partial or complete arch. See: Fixed prosthesis, Removable prosthesis.
A device that registers the position of a dental implant or dental implant abutment in an impression. It may be retained in the impression (direct) or may require a transfer from intraoral usage to the impression after the attachment of the corresponding analog (indirect).
Outside of the living organism or natural system. Usually refers to artificial experimental systems such as cultures or cell-free extracts.
Within the living organism or natural system.
One of several openings of the incisive canals into the incisive fossa.
The specific characteristics that all participants must have to enter a clinical trial. See: Exclusion Criteria.
Mold used to record the relative position of an implant or tooth to its surroundings. See: Buccal Index.
See: Closed Tray Impression.
See: Mandibular Canal.
One of the terminal branches of the mandibular nerve, a division of the trigeminal nerve. It enters the mandibular canal branching to the lower teeth, periosteum, and gingiva of the mandible. A branch, the mental nerve, passes through the mental foramen to supply the skin and mucosa of the lower lip and chin.The controlled fracture of:
1. A window prepared in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus.
2. The floor of the maxillary sinus through an osteotomy prepared in the ridge using an osteotome.
The torque value used to insert an implant into an osteotomy, expressed in Newtons centimeter.
Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF):
Peptides that behave similarly to insulin and stimulate cell proliferation. See: Platelet-rich Plasma.
Portion of the free gingiva occupying the interproximal space confined by adjacent teeth in contact. See: Papilla.
Interim Prosthesis/Restoration
Syn: Provisional prosthesis/restoration. A fixed or removable prosthesis, designed to restore and enhance aesthetics, stabilization and/or function for a limited period of time. It is used as a diagnostic tool to mimic the planned definitive prosthesis. It could be tissue-born, tooth-supported, implant-supported, or any combination thereof.
The horizontal distance between the platforms of two adjacent implants.
The soft tissue occupying the interproximal space confined by adjacent implant-supported fixed partial dentures in contact. See: Papilla.
A prosthetic connection interface internal to the implant platform. Examples include internal hexagon and Morse taper. See: External Connection.
A hexagonal connection interface of the platform of an implant within its coronal aspect. It prevents rotation of attached components. See: External Hexagon.
Method of irrigation during the drilling of osteotomies for the placement of root-form implants, whereby the cooling solution passes inside the shaft of the drilling bur and is delivered through an exit at the working end. This method delivers the cooling solution inside the osteotomy. See: External Irrigation.
Method of irrigation during the drilling of osteotomies for the placement of root-form implants, whereby the cooling solution passes inside the shaft of the drilling bur and is delivered through an exit at the working end. This method delivers the cooling solution inside the osteotomy. See: External Irrigation.
Having a thread pattern within the implant body.See: Mucosal Insert.
Intraoral (Internal) Distraction Device
A device that is located inside the oral cavity, used in distraction osteogenesis. The device can be attached to the bone (bone-borne), to the teeth (tooth-borne), or simultaneously to the teeth and bone (hybrid).
A distraction procedure in which the distraction device is located completely within the oral cavity.
Within the bone.See: Endosseous Distractor.
1. Technique of using a solution, usually saline, to cool the surgical bur and wash the debris off the flutes.
2. Act of flushing an area with a solution. See: External Irrigation, Internal Irrigation.
Deficiency of blood in an area due to a functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel(s).
See: Isograft.
Syn: Isogeneic graft, Isologous graft, Syngeneic graft. A tissue graft transplanted from one genetically identical individual to another, as in monozygotic twins.Syn: Isogeneic Graft, Isologous Graft, Syngeneic Graft. A tissue graft transplanted from one genetically identical individual to another, as in monozygotic twins.
See: Isograft.
Surface textures that are randomly distributed so the surface is identical in all directions.
J
See: Orientation Jig, Verification Jig.
Force attempting to disengage parts joined by a screw.The epithelium adhering to the surface of the implant or tooth surface at the base of the sulcus. It constitutes the coronal part of the biologic width. It is formed by single or multiple layers of nonkeratinizing cells. The junctional epithelial cells have a basal membrane and hemidesmosomal attachments to the implant or the tooth surface.
K
A statistical method used to estimate a population (e.g., implants) survival curve from a sample. Survival over time can be estimated, even when patients drop out or are studied for different lengths of time.
Part of the oral mucosa covering the gingiva and hard palate. It extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. It consists of the free gingiva and the attached gingiva.Term used to describe the very sharp and narrow morphology of a residual ridge.
L
See: Bone.
Laboratory instrument used with a handpiece on the apical end of an abutment to remove the uneven surface produced during the casting process. Laboratory instrument used with a handpiece on the apical end of an abutment to remove the uneven surface produced during the casting process.Application of a laser beam to selectively ablate a material from a surface (e.g., implant).
Syn: Secondary Implant Failure. The failure of a root-form implant after osseointegration of the implant has been established. This type of failure may be due to or accompanied by periimplantitis or overload. See: Early Implant Failure.
See: Distraction Osteogenesis.
The creation of an access to the maxillary sinus through its lateral wall. The access is used to elevate the Schneiderian membrane for the placement of a graft material in the sinus through the prepared opening.Statistical method to describe the survival (e.g., implants) in a sample. The distribution of survival times is divided into a certain number of intervals. For each interval, one can compute the number and proportion of cases that entered the respective interval "alive", the number and proportion of cases that failed in the respective interval (i.e., number of cases that "died"), and the number of cases that were lost or censored in the respective interval.
Statistical method to describe the survival (e.g., implants) in a sample. The distribution of survival times is divided into a certain number of intervals. For each interval, one can compute the number and proportion of cases that entered the respective interval "alive", the number and proportion of cases that failed in the respective interval (i.e., number of cases that "died"), and the number of cases that were lost or censored in the respective interval.See: Alveolar Mucosa, Oral Mucosa.
Any external mechanical force applied to a prosthesis, implant, abutment, tooth, skeletal organ, or tissue.
Any external mechanical force applied to a prosthesis, implant, abutment, tooth, skeletal organ, or tissue.
Application of a force directly or indirectly onto an implant.
A study in which observations on the same subjects are made at two or more different points in time.
M
Syn: Turned surface. An implant surface that results from the milling process of a cylindrical titanium rod. The scratches of the tooling on the implant form a machined implant surface. See: Surface characteristics (implant), Textured surface.Fixation by mechanical interlocking between bone and implant macro-irregularities such as threads, holes, pores, grooves, etc., which have dimensions in the range of 100um or greater.
Excess movement, excessive micromotion or deleterious micro motion, one that prevents the bone healing sequence leading to osseointegration and results in fibrous tissue encapsulation. See: Micromotion.
Retentive device mainly used for retention of overdentures.
Procedures performed at selected time intervals to assist in the maintenance of the prosthetic reconstruction, periodontal and peri-implant health.
Procedures performed at selected time intervals to assist in the maintenance of the prosthetic reconstruction, periodontal and peri-implant health.
Syn: Inferior Alveolar Canal.
The canal within the mandible that houses the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels. Its posterior opening is the mandibular foramen. Its anterior opening is the mental foramen.
The deformation in the body of the mandible due to the contraction of the pterygoid muscles during opening and protrusion.
The deformation in the body of the mandible due to the contraction of the pterygoid muscles during opening and protrusion.The opening into the mandibular canal on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible giving passage to the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein.
Syn: Transmandibular Implant. Form of transosseous implant in which a plate is fixed at the inferior border of the mandible. Retentive screws are placed partially into the inferior border with two continuous screws going transcor-tically and penetrating into the mouth in the canine areas and used as abutments.
The mucosal peri-implant tissues and marginal bone.Keratinized and attached oral mucosa of the gingiva and hard palate. See: Oral Mucosa.
An intricate network of natural or synthetic fibers that aids in the reinforcement and develop-ment of tissues by supplying a scaffold on which cells may grow, migrate and proliferate.
An intricate network of natural or synthetic fibers that aids in the reinforcement and develop-ment of tissues by supplying a scaffold on which cells may grow, migrate and proliferate.See: Sinus Graft.
See: Maxillary Sinus.
Syn: Antrum of Highmore, Maxillary Antrum. Air cavity in the body of the maxilla that is lined by the Schneiderian membrane consisting a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. It normally lies superior to the roots of the premolars and molars and generally extends from the canine or premolar region posterior to the molar or tuberosity region. Anatomically, it is a pyramidal cavity, with thin bony walls corresponding to the orbital, alveolar (floor), facial, and infra-temporal aspects of the maxilla. Its apex extends into the zygomatic process. Its base is medial, forming the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. It communicates with the nasal cavity through an opening in the middle meatus called ostium. The floor is formed by the maxillary alveolar process and partly by the hard palate. The floor exhibits recesses and depressions in the premolar and molar regions. Each sinus usually has a volume of about 15 ml. See: Septum (Maxillary Sinus).
Measure of central tendency that is calculated by adding all the individual values in the group and dividing by the number of values in the group.
Fracture or deformation of an implant, an abutment, or a restorative component or material.
Measure of central tendency. It is the middle score in a distribution or set of ranked scores. When the number of values in the sample is even, the median is computed as the average of the two middle values. Pertaining to the bone marrow.See: Bone.
See: Barrier Membrane, Schneiderian Membrane.
See: Barrier Membrane, Schneiderian Membrane.
The anterior opening of the mandibular canal on the lateral aspect of the body of the mandible, giving passage to the mental artery and nerve.
The anterior opening of the mandibular canal on the lateral aspect of the body of the mandible, giving passage to the mental artery and nerve.
A branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, arising in the mandibular canal and passing through the mental foramen providing sensation to the chin and lower lip.
The part of a reconstruction, that couples the implant complex (infrastructure) to the superstructure.
A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies meeting specified protocol criteria (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and con-clusions that may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, and plan new studies.
See: Metal Housing.
Syn: Metal encapsulator.
Part of an attachment mechanism, incorporated in a removable prosthesis. The interchangeable plastic retentive component is inserted in the metal housing and replaced when necessary.
See: Tap.
See: Implant-abutment junction.
Fixation by mechanical interlocking of bone to micro-irregularities at the implant surface, including machined surfaces, texture from grit blasting, coating, ion bombardment, or irregularities from plasma spraying, etc., which have dimensions in the range of microns.
Movement that does not prevent bone ingrowth of an implant, and results in direct bone anchorage of the implant (osseointegration). See: Macromotion.
An incision made in the middle of the alveolar crest. See: Crestal Incision, Mucobuccal Fold Incision.
Score or value that occurs most frequently in a distribution.Independent sites of formation and resorption that result in the change of the shape or size of bone. It occurs during growth, and during healing.
Ratio of stress over strain, when the deformation is elastic. It is a measure of stiffness or flexibility of a material. A stiff material has a high modulus of elasticity and a flexible material has a low modulus of elasticity. Also called Young's modulus.An internal connection interface consisting of a converging circular surface, which forms a mechanical locking friction-fit. Also known as cold weld.
Syn: Vestibular Incision.
An incision made in the mucobuccal fold. See: Crestal Incision, Midcrestal Incision.
Demarcation between the masticatory mucosa and the alveolar mucosa.
Layer of periosteum, connective tissue and epithelium that covers the bone.
The epithelial lining of body cavities opening to the outside, consisting of a mucous membrane. See: Oral Mucosa.
See: Mucosal Insert.
Syn: Button Implant, Epithelial Implant, Intramucosal Insert, Mucosal Implant. Mushroom-shaped device fastened to the tissue surface of a removable denture that fits within a prepared gingival receptor site. The use of multiple mucosal inserts enhances a denture's retention and stability.
The soft tissues (epithelium and connective) around an implant.
Inflammation of the mucosa. See: Peri-implant Mucositis.
A clinical trial conducted according to a single protocol, but at more than one research center, and therefore, carried-out by more than one investigator.
N
A branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion, passing through the sphenopalatine foramen, crossing to and then down the nasal septum, and through the incisive foramen to supply the mucous membrane of the anterior hard palate.
A branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion, passing through the sphenopalatine foramen, crossing to and then down the nasal septum, and through the incisive foramen to supply the mucous membrane of the anterior hard palate.
See: Computer-aided Navigation.
Acronym: Newton Centimeter.
Death of cells due to loss of blood supply, bacterial toxins, or physical and chemical agents.
See: Nerve Repositioning.
Syn: Nerve Lateralization, Nerve Transpositioning.
Surgical procedure whereby the course of the inferior alveolar nerve is redirected to increase the ability to place longer implants in a mandible when there is extensive resorption of the posterior ridge.
See: Nerve Repositioning.
Unit of rotational torque.See: Occlusal Guard.
The property exhibited by a material that demonstrates no in vivo degradation over time. See: Nonresorbable.
See: Nonangulated Abutment.
Syn: Nonangled Abutment, Straight Abutment.
Abutment with a body parallel to the long axis of the implant.
Refers to forces applied off the implant long-axis. See: Axial Loading.
Objectionable, See: Nonocclusal Loading.
A component or an implant without a hexagonal connection interface.
See: Bone.
The restoration is not in occlusal contact with the opposing dentition in maximal intercuspal position or in excursions. However, the cheeks, tongue, lips, and food, may touch the restoration. See: Occlusal Loading.
Property of a material that does not degrade over time. See: Nonabsorbable.
See: One-stage Implant.
An endosseous, root-form implant, with no threads. It may be parallel-sided (i.e., cylindrical), or tapered.O
Doughnut-shaped, resilient overdenture attachment that possesses the ability to bend with resistance and return to its approximate original shape. It attaches to a post with a groove or undercut area.
Removable appliance designed to minimize the damaging effects of bruxism and other occlusal habits to dental implants, dentition, and prosthetic reconstruction.
The restoration is in occlusal contact with the opposing dentition in maximal intercuspal position and/or excursions. See: Nonocclusalloading.
See: Overload.
See: Barrier Membrane.
Syn: One-piece Implant.
The implant in which the endosseous and transmucosal portions consist of one unit which presents a surface without a joint to the tissues.
See: Two-part Implant.
An abutment that connects into the implant without the use of an additional screw. The abutment can be retained by cement, friction (press-fit), or screw threads. See: Two-piece abutment.
See: One-part Implant.
A test used to check the fit of a multiple unit screw-retained restoration. One screw is placed in the terminal abutment. Evaluation is made on the opposite side. If the framework rises or has a ledge, detected clinically or radiologically, the fit is considered inaccurate.
Syn: Nonsubmergible Implant, Single-stage Implant.
An endosseous implant designed to be placed following a one-stage surgery protocol. The implant is designed with a transmu-cosal coronal portion. Usually the transmucosal portion and the implant are one piece with no microgap.
A surgical protocol consisting of placing an endosseous root-form implant in the bone and leaving it in contact with the oral environment during the healing process, thus eliminating a second surgical procedure.
Augmentation by placing autogenous bone and/or a bone replacement graft on or over bone to increase length and/or width.
Syn: Direct impression. Impression technique that uses an impression coping with retentive features around which a rigid elastic impression material is injected. To remove the impression, the impression coping is first unthreaded through an opening on the occlusal surface of the tray.
Instrument used to apply a torque during removal of an implant mount.See: Implant Dentistry.
Epithelial lining of the oral cavity continuous with the skin of the lips and mucosa of the soft palate and pharynx.
The oral mucosa consists of:
1. MASTICATORY MUCOSA: Mucosa of the gingiva and hard palate.
2. SPECIALIZED MUCOSA: Mucosa of the dorsum of the tongue.
3. LINING MUCOSA: Syn: Alveolar mucosa. The remaining mucosa of the oral cavity.
Syn: Abutment transfer device.
A laboratory fabricated device, used to maintain the correct positional relationship of a component when transferring it from the cast to the mouth.
Pertaining to bone or containing a bony element.
The direct contact between living bone and a functionally loaded implant surface without interposed soft tissue at the light microscope level The clinical manifestation of osseointegration is absence of mobility.
Bony.
Mixture of small bone particles and blood.
See: Bone Graft.
Bony, osseous. Bony, osseous.Excision of bone. See: Osteoplasty.
See: Osse(o).
A fully differentiated cell that originates in the embryonic mesenchyme and, during the early development of the skeleton, functions in the formation of bone tissue. Osteoblasts synthesize the collagen and glyco-proteins that form the bone matrix, and also produce inorganic salts. With growth, they develop into osteocytes.
A bone-specific protein that is produced by the osteoblast and may play a role in osteoclast recruitment. It is a marker for bone remodeling or mineralization.
Large multinucleated cell, arising from mononuclear precursors of the hematopoietic lineage, that functions in the breakdown and resorption of osseous tissue.
Bone growth by apposition from the surrounding bone. Process by which an inorganic material provides scaffolding along which bone growth can occur. See: Osteoinduction.
An osteoblast that has become embedded within the bone matrix, occupying a flat oval cavity (bone lacuna). Cells found in bone lacunae send, through canaliculi, slender cytoplasmic processes that make contact with processes of other osteocytes.
See: Distraction Osteogenesis.
The formation and development of bone. 1. Forming bone.2. Concerned in bone formation.
Syn: Osteogenous.
Promoting the development and formation of bone, exclusively resulting from the action of osteoblasts.
See: Osteogenic.
1. Resembling bone.
2. The nonmineralized bone matrix laid down by the osteoblasts. It is later calcified, with inclusion of osteoblasts as osteocytes within lacunae, into bone.
The induction of bone formation in the absence of a bony host site. New bone formation occurs from osteoprogenitor cells derived from primitive mesenchymal cells under the influence of one or more agents that emanate from the bone matrix. See: Bone Morphogenetic Protein, Osteoinduction.
See: Osseointegration.
Inflammation of bone caused by infection. It may remain localized or spread through the bone to involve the marrow, cortex, cancellous tissue, and periosteum.
The basic unit of structure of compact bone, comprising a Haversian canal and its concentrically arranged lamellae, of which there may be 4 to 20, each 3 to 7J1m thick, in a single (Haversian) system. Such units are mainly directed in the long axis of the bone.
Syn: Bone Necrosis.
The death or necrosis of bone.
Phosphoprotein found in bone and blood platelets, which binds both collagen and calcium and serves as a regulator of mineralization.
A surgical procedure to modify the configuration of bone by removal See: Ostectomy.
An acidic calcium-binding phosphoprotein with a high affinity for hydroxyapatite, involved in bone mineralization.
An undifferentiated cell that possesses the ability to transform into a bone forming cell.
Use of physical means (e.g., barrier membrane) to seal off an anatomical site in order to direct bone formation and prevent soft tissue proliferation, notably connective tissue, from interfering with osteogenesis.
Bone necrosis caused by excessive exposure to radiation.An instrument, circular in cross-section, used to expand an osteotomy apically or laterally, with or without grafting.
See: Osteotome Technique.
1. A sinus grafting technique whereby the maxillary sinus floor is carefully infractured and the Schneiderian membrane is elevated through an osteotomy prepared and extended in the ridge with an osteotome.
2. The surgical expansion of an osteotomy laterally with or without grafting. See: Ridge Expansion.
1. A Site prepared in bone for the placement of an implant or graft.
2. Any surgical procedure in which bone is transected or cut.
An opening which connects the maxillary sinus to the middle meatus of the nasal cavity.
Removable partial or complete denture, which may be implant-supported, or implant-tissue-supported. The prosthesis is retained by attachments.
Situation in which the masticatory forces applied to the implant exceeds the capacity of the bone-implant interface, implant, or componentry to withstand it.Modification of the surface oxide properties of titanium implants by alteration of the titanium oxide layer thickness.
P
Probability that a test statistic will assume a value as extreme as or more extreme than that seen under the assumption that the null hypo-thesis is true.
See: Orthodontic Implant.
A radiographic view of the maxilla and mandible extending from the left to the right glenoid fossae.Soft tissue occupying the interproximal space confined by adjacent crowns in contact. See: Interdental Papilla, Interimplant Papilla.
Para-sulcular incision design excluding the papilla in the flap elevation.
See: Direction Indicator.
Syn: Parallel-walled Implant, Straight Implant.
An endosseous, root-form implant, with the body of the implant having the same diameter at the coronal and apical ends. The coronal diameter does not necessarily match that of the platform, which may be of a larger diameter.
See: Parallel-sided Implant.
Spontaneous or evoked abnormal. sensations that are not painful but may be unpleasant, such as tingling, burning, prickling or numbness. It is usually caused by nerve injury and is sometimes a consequence of surgical procedures.
Graft consisting of particles.A process by which metals and alloys are made more resistant to corrosion through treatment to produce a thin and stable oxide layer on the external surfaces.
See: Depassivation.
Acronym: Platelet-derived Growth Factors.
Around the implant.Ped-implant Crevicular Epithelium
Nonkeratinized epithelium lining the mucosal crevice.
Collective term for inflammatory reactions in the soft and/or hard tissues surrounding implants.Percentage Bone-to-implant Contact
The linear surface of an implant in direct contact with the bone, expressed as percentage of the total implant surface.
See: Bone-to-implant Contact.
1. CORTICAL: A hole created in the cortical bone by a drill or implant. See: Decortication.
2. SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE: Tearing or creation of an opening in the maxillary sinus membrane during sinus graft surgery or following tooth extraction.
Term for inflammatory reactions in the hard and soft tissues, with loss of supporting bone, surrounding an implant exposed to the oral environment.
Around the abutment.Pathologic crestal bone loss due to peri-implantitis. Radiographically the bone loss is cup-shaped or saucer-like around the coronal aspect of the implant. See: Peri-Implantitis.
The membrane of fibrous connective tissue, which covers all bone except at the articular surfaces.Instrument used to sever the perio-dontalligament fibers prior to tooth extraction.
Through the mucosa.See: Healing Abutment.
Junctional epithelium that separates the connective tissues from the outside environment around an implant. See: Junctional Epithelium.
Acronym: Polyglycolic Acid.
Drill used to enlarge the coronal aspect of an osteotomy, thereby directing the path of the subsequent drill.
Acronym: Polylactic Acid.
A surface treatment involving high temperature deposition of metal or ceramic powders that are totally or partially melted and then rapidly resolidified, forming a dense or porous coating.
Syn: Dental plaster. The beta-form of calcium sulfate hemihydrate powder produced by heating gypsum to eliminate water. It is used as a model material in dentistry by mixing with water to reform gypsum. It is also used as a bone graft or membrane in guided bone regeneration. See: Dental Stone.
See: Plaster.
Platelet-derived Growth Factors (PDGF)
Growth factors released by platelets that initiate connective tissue healing including bone regeneration and repair. They also increase mitogenesis, angiogenesis, and macrophage activation.
Refers to a lesser concentration of active platelets that remain from the separation process in which the formation of platelet-rich plasma is derived.
Autologous product derived from whole blood through the process of gradient density centrifugation. Its intended purpose lies in its ability to incorporate high concentrations of growth factors PDGF, TGF-rn, TGF-CQ, IGF, VEGF, FGF-l, and fibrin into a graft mixture.
Syn: Prosthetic Table, Restorative Platform, Seating Surface.
Refers to the coronal aspect of an implant to which abutments, components, and prostheses may be connected.
Syn: Abutment swapping. The use of an abutment with a diameter narrower than that of the implant platform. This switching moves the implant-abutment junction away from the edge of the platform.
A machined surface that is made smoother. Component connected to the apical part of an abutment to protect the base and allow the laboratory technician to polish the prosthesis and abutment without over-reducing the base diameter or rounding the edges.A type of multifilament braided material made of purified lactides and glycolides used for absorbable sutures or membranes.
A polymer of glycolic acid used for absorbable sutures or membranes. A polymer of lactic acid used for absorbable sutures or membranes.Characterized by the presence of pores or voids within a structure (e.g., grafting material, implant surface).
See: Plasma Sprayed, Sintered (Porous) Surface.
Acronym: Platelet-poor Plasma.
A machine-manufactured abutment.
A prefabricated component made of a noble alloy, which connects to an implant or abutment. A compatible alloy is cast to it to form a custom abutment for a cement-retained or screw-retained prosthesis.
A prefabricated component made of a noble alloy, which connects to an implant or abutment. A compatible alloy is cast to it to form a custom abutment for a cement-retained or screw-retained prosthesis.
A prefabricated component made of a noble alloy, which connects to an implant or abutment. A compatible alloy is cast to it to form a custom abutment for a cement-retained or screw-retained prosthesis.
Energy transferred to a screw when a torque is applied during tightening. This stretching keeps the screw threads tightly secured to the screw's mating counterpart and holds them together by producing a clamping force between the screw head and its seat.An abutment that can be prepared and modified from its original manufactured design.
Retention of a root-form implant from close proximity of the bone. Also refers to the retention of certain components into the implant. See: Friction-fit.
See: Bone.
See: Healing by First (Primary) Intention.
See: Early Implant Failure.
See: Initial Stability.
See: Bone.
The distance from the free mucosal or gingival margin to the base of the peri-implant or periodontal sulcus as measured by a periodontal probe.
Bur that removes bone around the platform of a root-form implant to allow the connection of components to the implant. Different profiler diameters are used to accommodate a desired component diameter.
Device for tracing and recording at high magnification the roughness of a surface.
An undifferentiated cell that possesses the ability to transform into one or more types of cells. Refers to the gradual increase in the application of load on a prosthesis, and thus to the implant. A study planned to observe events that have not yet occurred.Syn: Restoration.
An artificial replacement of a missing part of the body.
Syn: Retaining Screw.
Screw used in a prosthetic reconstruction. It may connect a prosthesis to an implant or an abutment.
See: Platform.
A detailed plan describing the proposed execution of an activity such as surgical protocol, prosthetic protocol, and research protocol.
See: Transitional Implant.
Provisional Prosthesis/Restoration
See: Interim Prosthesis/Restoration.
Acronym: Platelet-rich Plasma.
A root-form implant that has its origin in the region of the former second maxillary molar and its end point encroaches in the scaphoid fossa of the sphenoid bone. The implant follows and intrasinusal trajectory in a dorsal and mesio-cranial direction, perforating the posterior sinusal wall and the pterygoid plates.Circular incision made in the soft tissue over a submerged implant, manually or mechanically, of a diameter similar to the implant platform. This results in the exposure of the implant by the removal of a circular piece of soft tissue.
Q
R
A two-dimensional roughness parameter calculated from the experimental profiles after filtering. Ra: The arithmetic average of the absolute value of all points of the profile, also called central line average height. Rt: The maximum peak-to-valley height of the entire measurement trace.
Objectionable, See: Radiographic Template.
Objectionable, See: Radiographic Template.
Objectionable, See: Radiographic Template.
A radiopaque structure of known dimension or a material incorporated in, or applied to, a radiographic template to yield positional or dimensional information.
A guide derived from a diagnostic wax-up and worn during the radio-graphic exposute to relate the tooth position to the anatomical structures. It serves to assist in the diagnosis and planning phase for dental implants.
Full arch mandibular implant with a tripodal design that consists of a horizontal supragingival connecting bar with endosseous units placed into the two rami and symphyseal area.A bone graft harvested from the lateral aspect of the ascending ramus of the mandible. The graft is mostly cortical bone.
Type of blade implant placed into the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible.
A prospective study of the effects of a particular procedure or material, in which subjects are randomly assigned to either of two groups: test or control. The test group receives the procedure or material, while the control group receives a standard procedure, or material, a different test procedure or a placebo.
Acronym: Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon.
A wrench used with threaded implants to facilitate final implant seating.Acronym: Resorbable Blast Media.
The surgical reopening of a site to improve or observe results obtained from the initial procedure.See: Bone.
Tool designed to finish the mating surface of a metal cylinder/coping, specifically the screw seat interface.Syn: Host Site.
Site which received a soft or hard tissue graft.
Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein (rhBMP)
Osteoinductive protein produced by recombinant DNA technology.
Syn: Distraction Zone.
The tissue that forms between gradually separated bone segments in distraction osteogenesis.
The completion of mineralization and remodeling of the regenerate tissue.
Reproduction or reconstitution of a lost or injured part to its original state. See: Repair.
Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP)
A local response to a stimulus in which tissues form 2 to 10 times more rapidly than the normal regeneration process. The duration and intensity of RAP are directly proportional to the kind and amount of stimulus and the site where it was produced.
Immunological response of incompatibility in a transplanted organ or implanted device.
The turnover of bone in small packets by BMUs (basic multicellular unit of bone remodeling).
A restoration that is removable by the patient. The restoration may be partial arch (RPD: Removable partial denture), or complete arch (RCD: Removable complete denture). See: Denture, Fixed prosthesis.
Syn: Reverse torque value. Measure of the rotational force needed to rupture the bone-implant interface of a root-form implant.Healing of a wound by tissue that does not fully restore the architecture or function of the part that is lost. See: Regeneration .
Portion of the alveolar ridge that remains after the alveoli have disappeared from the alveolar process, following extraction of teeth.
Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA)
Technique for clinical measurement of implant stability/mobility. A measurement is registered from a transducer attached to the abutment or implant. The device records the resonance frequency arising from the implant-bone interface (change in amplitude over induced frequency band).
The ability of an autogenous graft to. dissolve physiologically. See: Bioabsorbable.
Surface treatment resulting from blasting the implant surface with a biocompatible material such as tricalcium phosphate.
The loss of substance or bone by physiologic or pathologic means. See: Bone Resorption.
See: Prosthesis.
See: Platform.
See: Prosthetic Screw.
Repair of the damaged internal threads of a root-form implant using a tap instrument.
Refers to the capability of removing a prosthesis undamaged.A study designed to observe events that have already occurred.
Test used to assess the extent of osseointegration, specifically the shear strength at the bone-implant interface, by applying a rotational force in a direction opposite to that used to place the implant.
See: Removal Torque Value.
Unit of rotational speed at which a bur or drill turns.
Acronym: Resonance Frequency Analysis.
The remainder of the alveolar process after teeth extraction. See: Alveolar Process, Residual Ridge.
Decrease in volume of the ridge due to the resorption of the bone.
Increasing the dimension of the existing alveolar ridge.
A deficiency in the contour of the edentulous ridge. The deficiency can be in the vertical (apicocoronal) and/or horizontal (bucco-lingual, mesiodistal) direction.
Surgical widening of the residual ridge with osteotomes and/or chisels in the lateral direction (buccolingually), to accommodate the insertion of an implant, and/or bone graft.
Surgical widening of the residual ridge with osteotomes and/or chisels in the lateral direction (buccolingually), to accommodate the insertion of an implant, and/or bone graft.
Penetration of anesthetized soft tissue with a graduated probe or caliper at several sites and transposing the information to a diagnostic cast. The shape of the residual ridge is reproduced by trimming back the stone of the cast to the corresponding depth of soft tissue. See: Ridge Sounding.
Syn: Extraction Socket Graft, Socket Graft, Socket Preservation.
The immediate placement of a grafting material, or any procedure (e.g., GBR), performed on the extraction socket following tooth extraction. The concept underlying this treatment modality is the conservation of the bone and soft tissue contours by avoiding bone resorption with a resultant ridge defect.
Refers to the loss of bone in an edentulous area. See: Residual Ridge.
Syn: Bone Sounding, Sounding.
Penetration of anesthetized soft tissue in order to determine the topography of the underlying bone. See: Ridge mapping.
See: Ridge Expansion.
Clinical term that implies absence of observed mobility.Condition shown to negatively affect the success of a treatment modality.
An endosseous implant circular in cross-section that derives its support from its surface area in contact with bone. It may be cylindrical, tapered, threaded, perforated, solid, or hollow in design.See: Textured Surface.
Circular bur used to mark a site for an osteotomy or to decorticate bone. It may also be used in the outline of a lateral window access for the purpose of sinus grafting.
Acronym: Revolutions Per Minute.
S
A three-dimensional roughness parameter calculated from topographical images. Sa: The arithmetic average of the absolute value of all points of the profile, it is a height descriptive parameter; Scx: A space descriptive parameter; Sdr: The developed surface area ratio.
Grit blasting of an implant surface using sand.See: Pericervical Saucerization.
A three-dimensional biocompatible construct (may be seeded with cells) that serves as a framework which provides a structure on which tissue grows. It may be replaced by natural tissue.
A root-form implant with the level of the implant-abutment junction more coronal interproximally than facially or lingually.
A radiographic template utilized for CT-scanning. See: Radiographic Template.
Fibrous tissue replacing normal tissues after healing.
Syn: Sinus Membrane (Maxillary).
Layer of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium cells lining the maxillary sinus. See: Perforation.
Threaded root-form implant, which can be parallel-sided or tapered. See: Root-form implant, Threaded implant.
The junction of two parts held together by a screw (e.g., implant-abutment screw joint).
A prosthetic complication whereby a screw loses its preload causing the loosening of a restoration or abutment.
See: Tap.
The use of a screw for retention of an abutment or a prosthesis. See: Cement-retained.
Acronym: Standard Deviation.
See: Hygiene Cap.
See: Hygiene Cap.
See: Hygiene Cap.
See: Platform.
Second-stage Permucosal Abutment
See: Healing Abutment.
See: Stage-two Surgery.
See: Healing by Second (Secondary) Intention.
See: Healing by Second (Secondary) Intention.
See: Late Implant Failure.
See: Late Implant Failure.
Feature in the design of the apical aspect of a threaded implant or screw that enables it to create its thread path in the bone.
Syn: Underwood Cleft.
Anatomic spine-like bony structure or web formation present in some maxillary sinuses. It may divide the inferior portion of the sinus into sections. See: Alveolar Recess.
Syn: Underwood Cleft.
Anatomic spine-like bony structure or web formation present in some maxillary sinuses. It may divide the inferior portion of the sinus into sections. See: Alveolar Recess.
Stress caused by a load (two forces applied toward one another but not in the same straight line) that tends to slide one portion of object over another. See: Stress.
The insertion of a root-form implant in conjunction with another surgical procedure performed at the same site (e.g., grafting).
See: One-stage Implant.
Treated by Sintering. See: Sintering.
An implant surface produced when spherical powders of metallic or ceramic materials become a coherent mass with the metallic core of the implant body. Porous surfaces are characterized by pore size, pore shape, pore volume, and pore depth, which are affected by the size of the spherical particles and the temperature and pressure conditions of the sintering chamber.
Heating a powder below the melting point of any component so as to permit agglomeration and welding of particles by diffusion alone, with or without applied pressure.
Air space within bone.See: Sinus Graft.
See: Sinus Graft.
Syn: Maxillary antroplasty, Sinus augmentation, Sinus elevation, Sinus lift, Sub antral augmentation. Augmentation of the antral floor with autogenous bone and/or bone substitutes to accommodate dental implant insertion.
See: Sinus Graft.
See: Schneiderian Membrane.
Sinus Pneumatization (Maxillary)
Maxillary sinus enlargement. With aging, and especially after loss of maxillary teeth and reduction of masticatory forces acting on the maxilla, the sinus walls get gradually thinner as a result of the increase in size of the maxillary sinus.Inflammation of the sinus. Signs include sensitivity of teeth to percussion, fever and facial swelling. Symptoms include nasal congestion, postnasal discharge, facial pain/head-ache, rhinorrhea, halitosis, popping of ears, and muffled hearing.
Process by which the quantity and quality of soft and/or hard tissues are augmented prior to implant placement.
See: Ridge Preservation.
See: Ridge Preservation.
A cast with the implant laboratory analog platform surrounded by an elastic mucosal simulating material.
A root-form threaded implant of a circular cross-section without any vents or holes penetrating the implant body.
See: Ridge Sounding.
See: Electric Discharge Method.
See: Oral Mucosa.
Joining of two or more teeth or implants into a rigid or nonrigid unit by means of fixed or removable restorations or devices.
See: Ridge Expansion.
See: Ridge expansion.See: Ridge Expansion.
See: Bone.
Syn: First-stage Surgery.
A surgical procedure that consists of placing an endosseous implant in the bone and suturing of the soft tissue over the implant, thereby submerging the implant under the soft tissue for healing.
Syn: Second-stage Surgery.
Surgical procedure consisting of the exposure of a submerged implant to the oral environment by the connection of an abutment which extrudes through the soft tissue.
A treatment sequence where one procedure is performed, followed by another at a later time.
Machined titanium, cylindrical abutment used to support a screw-retained prosthesis. See: Hybrid Prostheis.
Statistical term. A measure of the variability, or dispersion of a distribution of scores. The more scores cluster around the mean, the smaller the standard deviation.
Statistical term. A measure of the variability, or dispersion of a distribution of scores. The more scores cluster around the mean, the smaller the standard deviation.
See: Mandibular Staple Implant.
Undifferentiated cell of embryogenic or adult origin that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types.1. Device used in conjunction with a surgical procedure to keep a graft in 'place or protect a surgical site during initial healing.
2. Incorrect term for guide, splint, or template.
Sugg: Radiographic Template, Surgical Guide.
An endosseous, root-form implant, with parallel-sided walls of different diameter joined together thus forming a step.
A guide generated from a CAM, according to a software planned implant placement.Syn: Three-dimensional Imaging, Three-dimensional Modeling.
Method of creating a three-dimensional model by using lasers driven by CAD software, from information derived from a CT-scan. It is used for surgical planning and the generation of a stereolithographic guide.
Surgical procedure performed under sterile conditions. It takes place under operating room conditions and follows operating room protocol for setup, instrument transfer and handling, and personnel movement. Surgical scrubs, head covers, shoe covers, and sterile gowns are worn. See: Clean Technique.
See: Nonangulated Abutment.
See: Parallel-sided Implant.
Change in dimension of an object when subjected to an external force (stress).Force or load applied to an object. Bending, compressive, shear, tensile, and torsion are types of stress. See: Bending Stress, Compressive Stress, Shear Stress, Tensile Stress, Torsion Stress.
The point at which the stress is substantially higher than elsewhere due to the geometry of the stressed object or the point of application of the force.
Bent, broken, or jammed threads of a screw or the internal threads of a root-form implant.
The damage (i.e., distortion or obliteration) of the internal threads of an implant or abutment.See: Sinus Graft.
See: Crestal Implant Placement.
An implant covered by soft tissue, and isolated from the oral cavity.
Implant designed to rest on the surface of bone, under the periosteum. It consists of a customized casting, made of a surgical grade metal. Permucosal abutments, posts and intra-oral bars are designed for prosthetic retention.
Three types may be distinguished:
1. COMPLETE SUBPERIOSTEAL IMPLANT: Implant used in a completely edentulous arch
2. UNILATERAL SUBPERIOSTEAL IMPLANT: Implant located on one side of the posterior mandible or maxilla.
3. CIRCUMFERENTIAL SUBPERIOSTEAL IMPLANT: Implant that bypasses remaining teeth or implants.
Syn: Subtractive Surface Treatment.
Alteration of an implant surface by removal of material. See: Added Surface, Textured Surface.
See: Subtracted Surface.
Conditions established by a study protocol for the evaluation of a procedure as a success.
The percentage of success of a procedure or device (e.g., implant) in a study or clinical trial according to success criteria defined by the study protocol. See: Survival Rate.
Syn: Crevicular Epithelium.
The nonkeratinized epithelium of the mucosal sulcus surrounding implants and teeth.
Supracrestal Implant Placement
See: Crestal Implant Placement.
Modification of an implant surface by additive or subtractive surface treatment. See: Added Surface, Subtracted Surface.
Surface Characteristics (Implant)
The topography of a surface is defined in terms of form, waviness and roughness. Roughness describes the smallest irregularities in the surface, while form relates to the largest structure or profile. Waviness and roughness are often presented together under the term texture. Two types of implant surfaces are usually distinguished: machined and textured. See: Machined Surface, Textured Surface.
Qualitative and quantitative features of an implant surface determined two-dimensionally by contact stylus profilometry (See: R Value) or three-dimensionally by confocallaser scanner (See: S Value). See: Surface.
Site surgically prepared to receive a graft.
A guide, derived from the diagnostic wax-up, used to assist in the preparation for and the placement of implants. It dictates drilling position and angulation.Record used to register the position of an implant at stage-one or stage-two surgery.
Objectionable, See: Surgical Guide.
The percentage of survivals in a study or clinical trial in implant dentistry, defined as implants that are functioning according to predetermined criteria. See: Success Rate.
See: Isograft.
1. A product line of implants with specific surgical protocol and matching prosthetic components. An implant system may represent a specific concept, inventor or patent.
See: Configuration.
2. ISO definition: "Dental implant components that are designed to mate together. It consists of the necessary parts and instruments to complete the implant body placement and abutment components." (ISO 10451)
T
Syn: Fixation Tack.
Metal or bioabsorbable pin with a flat head used to secure the position of a barrier membrane in guided bone regeneration.
Syn: Threader, Threadformer.
1. Bone tap: Device used to create a threaded channel in bone for a fixation screw or prior to the insertion of an implant into an osteotomy.
2. Metal tap: An instrument made out of a metal harder than titanium, used for rethreading the damaged internal threads of an implant.
Acronym: Tricalcium Phosphate.
Syn: Temporary cylinder. Abutment used for the fabrication of an interim restoration. The interim restoration may be cemented on the temporary abutment; or the temporary abutment may be incorporated in the interim restoration enabling it to be screw-retained.See: Temporary Abutment.
See: Healing Abutment.
Temporary Prosthesis/Restoration
See: Interim Prosthesis/Restoration.
Stress caused by a load (two forces applied away from one another in the same straight line) that tends to stretch or elongate an object. See: Stress.
A metal screw used in guided bone regeneration to support a barrier membrane, thus maintaining a space under the membrane for bone regeneration.
An implant surface that has been altered or modified from its original machined state. The implant surface can be altered by addition or by reduction. See: Added Surface, Machined Surface, Subtracted Surface, Surface Characteristics (Implant).
Process of increasing the surface area. See: Textured Surface.
An extruding feature of the body of threaded implants. Thread depth, thickness, pitch, face angle, and helix angle are varying geometric parameters. Basic thread geometries include: V-thread, buttress thread, and power (square) thread.
Number of threads per unit length in the same axial plane.An endosseous, root-form implant, with threads similar to a screw. It is also known as a screw-shaped implant. It may be parallel-sided or tapered.
See: Tap.
See: Tap.
See: Stereolithography.
An endosseous implant that is inserted laterally, from the facial aspect of the edentulous ridge.See: Stereolithography.
Acronym: Titanium.
See: Titanium Alloy.
Laboratory specialized in the harvesting, processing, and sterilization of tissues from humans or animals.The application of the principles of life sciences and engineering to develop biological substitutes for the restoration or replacement of tissue.
See: Tissue-Supported.
Syn: Tissue-borne. Supported by the soft tissue of the edentulous alveolar ridge.
Elementary substance, isolated as an iron-gray powder with a metallic luster. See: Commercially Pure Titanium, Titanium Alloy.
A biocompatible medical alloy, which contains approximately 90% titanium, 6% aluminum, and 4% vanadium (e.g., Ti-6Al-4V). It is used for the fabrication of dental implants and their components. Its physical properties are superior to most commercially pure titaniums. See: Titanium, Commercially Pure Titanium.
A flexible titanium grid used in bone augmentation procedures to assist in maintaining a predetermined volume for bone regeneration during healing.
1. Surface layer of varying surface composition (e.g., TiOz, Ti04) immediately formed upon exposure of pure metallic titanium and titanium alloy to air. This corrosion-resistant layer protects the implant against chemical attack in biological fluids. 2. Metal oxide blasted on implant surfaces to increase the surface area.A process involving high temperature deposition of titanium powders that are totally or partially melted and then rapidly resolidified, forming a dense or porous coating. See: Plasma Sprayed.
A feature in a nonabsorbable membrane consisting of a thin titanium ribbon, which increases stiffness and assists in maintaining a predetermined shape during healing.
1. A force that produces or tends to "J produce rotation or torsion. 2. A measurement of an instrument capacity to do work or to continue to rotate under resistance to rotation. It is expressed in Newtons centimeter (Ncm).
See: Torque Driver.
Syn: Torque Controller, Torque Indicator, Torque Wrench.
An instrument, manual or electronic, used to apply a torque.
See: Torque Driver.
See: Torque Driver.
Stress caused by a load that tends to twist an object. See: Stress.
An exophytic bony prominence occurring at the midline of the hard palate (palatal), or on the lingual aspect of the mandible in the canine-premolar area (mandibular). It may be used as a source of autogenous bone.Acronym: Titanium Plasma Sprayed.
See: Bone.
Going through or across the epithelium.
See: Impression Coping.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-B)
Growth factor produced by platelets and bone cells that increases the chemotaxis and mitogenesis of osteoblast precursors and also stimulates osteoblast deposition of the collagen matrix for wound healing and bone regeneration.
Syn: Provisional Implant.
Implant used during implant therapy to support a transitional fixed or removable denture. It is usually an immediately loaded narrow diameter implant, which may be removed at a later stage of treatment.
Transitional Prosthesis/Restoration
A prosthesis to replace a missing tooth or teeth during the course of treatment.
See: Mandibular Staple Implant.
Passing through or across the oral mucosa. Any piece that connects an implant to the oral cavity through the soft tissue.The pressure exerted through the soft tissue on a submerged implant, usually by a removable denture.
Syn: Transosteal Implant.
1. An implant that completely penetrates through the edentulous ridge buccolingually.
2. An implant that completely penetrates through the parasymphyseal region of the mandible, from the inferior border through the alveolar crest.
See: Mandibular staple implant.
An inorganic, particulate or solid form of relatively biodegradable ceramic, which is used as a scaffold for bone regeneration.
The placement of three or more implants with a non-linear alignment of their platform.
The most distal aspect of the maxillary ridge, bilaterally. It may be used as a source of autogenous bone or serve for support of a prosthesis.See: Machined Surface.
The amount of older bone replaced by new bone, often expressed as percent per year. Drill used to widen or create a preliminary osteotomy.An implant in which the end osseous and transmucosal portions combine to present a joint surface to the tissues (i.e., implant-abutment junction). See: One-Part Implant.
An abutment that connects to the implant with the use of an abutment screw. See: One-Piece Abutment.
U
(UCLA: University of California at Los Angeles) See: Castable Abutment.
Popular term for the act of surgically exposing a submerged implant, following healing from stage-one surgery. Sugg: Stage-two surgery.
See: Septum (Maxillary Sinus).
Unilateral Subperiosteal Implant
See: Subperiosteal Implant.
V
Vascular endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF):
Factors with potent angiogenic, mitogenic, and vascular permeability, which enhance activities specific for endothelial cells. The process of infiltration of blood vessels; regarded as a critical support for the health and maintenance of living tissue or the healing of a graft. An opening in the implant body that allows for tissue ingrowth for increased retention, stability, and anti-rotation.A cast made from a verification jig. See: Verification Jig.
An index of multiple implants fabricated on the master cast and tried in the mouth to check the accuracy of the master cast. If the jig does not fit in the mouth, it is cut and reconnected. A new cast or an alteration of the master cast is then made from the reconnected jig, which is called a verification cast. Also, a verification jig can be fabricated directly in the mouth, and a verification cast poured from that.See: Mucobuccal Fold Incision.
Biomaterial with a glassy amorphous structure once used for the fabrication of endosseous implants or as an implant coating.W
A premade castable plastic pattern used to form the framework of a restoration. A principle stating that bone, either normal or abnormal, will develop the structure most suited to resist those forces acting on it.See: Bone.
See: Cylinder Wrench, Open-ended Wrench, Torque Driver.
